Creature
Fast Facts
Introducing you to extinct species.
THE
SHOAL SPRITE
1. The shoal sprite, Amphigyra alabamensis, was an air breathing snail first collected and described by Henry Pilsbry in 1904. 2. The shoal sprite was part of the Planorbidae family, commonly referred to as the Ram’s Horn snails due to the shell's shape. 3. It was formerly endemic to Coosa River, Alabama. It was originally collected in Wetumpka, Alabama. 4. It preferred to live in shoals, which is a submerged sandbank visible at low water. 'Shoal' is a Germanic word for 'shallow'. 5. It only lived in the state of Alabama. 6. The body of the shoal sprite was red due to copper-based hemocyanin found in its blood. 7. The shoal sprite lived in freshwater with a medium riffle. 8. Henry Pilsbry described it in 1904 as "The shell is shaped like a convex Crepidula, closely, finely and sharply striated spirally, and of a pale yellowish-corneous tint. The last whorl flares in a raised ledge at the baso-columellar region, the back being very convex. The spire is slightly sunken, depressed. The raised parietal margin of the lip is abruptly kinked where it passes across the preceding whorl. The columellar plate or deck extends over nearly one-third the total transverse length of the aperture. Alt. 1.1, diam. 2 mm."
Extinction
Cometh
Facing the light at the end of the tunnel
EXTINCTION DATE
2004?
There is very little known about the shoal sprite or its population decline into extinction. It was first collected and described by Henry Pilsbry in 1904 in Wetumpka, Alabama. He said that it preferred to live under rocks in fast moving currents. According to the Coosa Riverkeepers, an organization created in 2010 to help protect the river, "the river was habitat for 147 species of fish, 91 species of snail (82 endemic, 34 total extinct), and 53 species of mussels (11 endemic, 6 extinct, 5 of which were endemic)." The leading cause of extinction in the Coosa River was the creation of hydroelectric dams which provided power and helped control flooding. Pollution and agricultural runoff were also contributing factors. Which of these were the exact cause of the extinction of the shoal sprite is uncertain. This snail species has not been seen since Alabama Power impounded the river in 2004. Although Jurassic Park is fiction, scientists are working on several de-extinction projects. In fact, in 2003 scientists did bring back the extinct Pyrenean ibex, a type of wild goat, for 7 minutes before it died, showing de-extinction is possible. The shoal sprite is probably not a good candidate for de-extinction. There do not seem to be any specimens available for DNA analysis. The soft tissue of this snail's body would be needed for cloning. There have been efforts to restore the habitat of the Coosa River in Alabama, but it is still labeled as the 5th most endangered river in the United States. If the shoal sprite were returned to the Coosa River, would it be able to survive?
COMING SOON
The shoal sprite's Lazarus tale has yet to be written, but what adventures will await it when it returns to the waters of Alabama? Stay tuned to find out.
More to Explore
All answers lead to more questions
VIDEOS & ADDITIONAL INFO
The Coosa River Riverkeeper Information
9 Extinct Species From Alabama
7 More Extinct Alabama Species
Alabama's Oblong Rocksnail Rediscovered
Henry Pilsbry's Publication (p.49 - 50)