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Creature 
Fast Facts

Introducing you to extinct species.

SAN MARCOS GAMBUSIA

THE SAN MARCOS

GAMBUSIA

1. The San Marcos gambusia, Gambusia georgei, was native to the San Marcos River in Texas. 2. It grew up to 1.6 inches in length with a blue tinted body, a dark stripe on the upper section of its dorsal fin, and lemon yellow median fins. 3. It was similar to the Western mosquitofish and also fed on small invertebrates including mosquito larvae. 4. The San Marcos gambusia was unique in its gonadal structure and the fact that females did not lay eggs like most fish, but gave birth to a few dozen live young. 5. This fish was first discovered in the 1960’s and thought to have had a population around 1,000. 6. It preferred shallow, quiet water with partial shade. 7. It was listed on the Endangered Species list in 1980, and was last seen in 1983. 8. It was officially listed extinct in 2023. 9. Efforts in the San Marcos River are helping protect the endangered fountain darter and wild rice of that same region.

Extinction 
Cometh

Facing the light at the end of the tunnel

EXTINCTION DATE

1983

The San Marcos gambusia was first collected and described in the late 1960’s. The total population then was estimated to be around 1,000. Its habits and diet were similar to other gambusia including the Western mosquitofish. Other than size, color, and location, not much is known about this particular tiny Texas fish. Even the cause of extinction is debatable, the San Marcos River is much cleaner today than it was 100 years ago or in the late 1960’s when it was discovered. Most sources say that the cause of extinction for the San Marcos gambusia was reduced spring flow, pollution, and the loss of native plants where it lived. Hybridization with other closely related fish may also have been a factor as the population shrunk over time. Although Jurassic Park is fiction, scientists are working on several de-extinction projects. In fact, in 2003 scientists did bring back the extinct Pyrenean ibex, a type of wild goat, for 7 minutes before it died, showing de-extinction is possible. The San Marcos gambusia might be a candidate. Scientists would potentially use DNA from specimens collected before 1983. This soft tissue could be used to bring back this tiny extinct fish. There are many organizations in the San Marcos River region that have been working to keep the river clean. The current work being done in that region is helping preserve the endangered wild rice, fountain darter, and San Marcos salamander. Would the San Marcos gambusia be able to survive if it was returned to the San Marcos River in Texas?

Lazarus
Tales

Short stories of return

COMING SOON

The San Marcos gambsia's Lazarus tale has yet to be written, but what adventures will await it when it returns to the San Marcos River in Texas? Stay tuned to find out.

More to Explore
All answers lead to more questions

 San Marcos gambusia 
male (top) & female (bottom)
Image from Semantic Scholar

How to Draw the San Marcos Gambusia
Image from
 Lishko Vitaliy on YouTube

These are two of the many organizations working to keep Texas waterways clean
Image from Earth Share Texas

15 endangered species in Texas
Image from AZ Animals

Image of a mosquitofish eating mosquito larvae floating in the water.
Image from Media Storehouse

Fact page about extinct and endangered fish species in Texas
Image from YUMPU

Mosquitofish are related to the gambusia and help control the
local mosquito population
Image from Amazon

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