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Creature 
Fast Facts

Introducing you to extinct species.

Levuana moth

THE

LEVUANA MOTH

1) The levuana moth was a little over a half an inch wide. 2) It only flew during the day. 3) This moth had a steel blue head & thorax and a rust colored abdomen. 4) Of the 300 Fiji islands, the levuana moth only lived on Viti Levu. 5) In 1877 it became a serious pest, killing the meat of coconuts, ruining the coconut oil production and affecting the livelihood of the indigenous Fijians. 6) The moth larvae burrowed into leaves of the palm trees, starting with the tallest palm tree and working down to the shortest. 7) After 40 years of isolation the levuana moth began moving onto other islands. 8) Some thought it was a non-native species and began to eliminate it, though genetic testing seems to show that the levuana moth originated in Fiji. 9) Some scientists tried to bait them into traps with bright lights to make the night look like day, thus fooling the moths. Sprays & poisons also were ineffective. 10) In 1925, John Douglas Tothill introduced a parasitic Malaysian fly, the Bessa remota, which worked as planned. 11) By 1929, the levuana moth was extinct, though some scientists believed it survived in the 1950's.

Extinction 
Cometh

Facing the light at the end of the tunnel

EXTINCTION DATE

1929

The levuana moth only lived on Viti Levu in the Fiji Islands chain for a long time. On Viti Levu, the moth larvae would reach the underside of the palm leaves starting with the tallest trees. When those trees died, the moths worked on the next tallest trees. In 1877 the moth became a serious pest, killing the meat of coconuts. This ruined the coconut oil production. The loss of palm trees also affected the indigenous people who relied on the trees for fuel, wood, and building supplies. After 40 years of isolation the levuana moth began moving onto other islands in Fiji. Some scientists even thought the levuana moth was a non-native species and began to totally wipe it out. People tried to bait them into traps with bright lights to make the night look like day. This fooled some moths. Sprays & poisons also were also used with minimal effect on the moth population. In 1925, John Douglas Tothill devised a natural, but controversial approach. He decided to bring a parasitic Malaysian fly, the Bessa remota, to Fiji. He collected 20,000 parasitized larvae, brought them 300 miles by train to Singapore, and had the larvae brought to Fiji. By 1929, the levuana moth went extinct, but some scientists believed it survived in the 1950's. Although Jurassic Park is fiction, scientists are working on several de-extinction projects. In fact, in 2003 scientists did bring back the extinct Pyrenean ibex, a type of wild goat, for 10 minutes before it died, showing de-extinction is possible. The levuana moth might be a candidate. Scientists would potentially use DNA from museum specimens. While it could possibly be a candidate for de-extinction, would it be good for the current species in Fiji? Much has been done in Fiji since the levuana moth went extinct in 1929. Many efforts to protect the land & sea environments, protect fisheries, marine ecosystems, as well as involve locals have been established. If the levuana moth was brought back from extinction, could it survive in Fiji today?

Lazarus
Tales

Short stories of return

The levuana moth's Lazarus tale has yet to be written, but what adventures will await it when it returns to Fiji Islands? Stay tuned to find out.

More to Explore
All answers lead to more questions

Museum specimen Image from UCR

The introduction of the Malayan Tachinid also caused the extinction of the Heteropan dolans
Image from Applied Biological Control Research

Levuana Moth Sketch
Image from Applied Biological Control Research

 The Malayan tachinid
was used to eliminated the levuana moth

Image from Applied Biological Control Research

Fiji on a map
Image from Wikipedia

The Fiji flag
Image from Wikipedia

A sunset in Fiji 
Image from Think Pacific

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