Creature
Fast Facts
Introducing you to extinct species.
THE FALKLAND
ISLANDS WOLF
1. The Falkland Islands wolf, Dusicyon australis, stood 24 inches high and was 4 feet long having reddish brown to yellow fur. The throat and the tip of the tail were white. 2. This wolf is the first member of the canine family (dogs, coyotes, wolves, foxes) to become extinct at the hands of humans. 3. They were also known as the Antarctic wolf or the warrah, ‘foolish dog of the south’. 4. When Captain John Strong first discovered the wolves in 1690 he commented how tame they seemed to be, even taking one as a pet on his ship. On the way back to England, a cannon was fired, and the startled wolf jumped overboard and drowned. 5. The Falkland Islands wolf’s diet consisted of whatever it could find; mostly penguins, geese, and seal pups. They would also scavenge for insects and things that washed up on shore. Some sailors would later report how skinny the wolf got in the winter time. 6. They lived on both the east and west islands of the Falkland Islands. 7. In colonial times, the Falkland Islands wolf was killed for two reasons, because sheep farmers didn’t want a predator around and because the fur of this wolf was so dense that it was prized in the fur trade. 8. Two live specimens did make their way back to England in1868 & 1870, but they did not live long. Charles Darwin visited the island and was confused by how it had come to be in the Falkland Islands which were so far from the east coast of South America. 10. Darwin did predict the warrah’s extinction when he wrote the following in his journal that the Falkland Islands wolf, "would join the dodo among the extinct in a few short years". It was eliminated from the east island first, and a few years later the west island population faded rapidly. 11. The last recorded Falkland Island Wolf was killed in 1876.
Extinction
Cometh
Facing the light at the end of the tunnel
EXTINCTION DATE
1876
The Falkland Islands wolf’s original range included both the East and West islands in the Falkland Islands. It is a scientific mystery. It is the only land mammal found on the Falkland Islands. No one knows whether they are more closely related to foxes found in South America or how they made their way to the Falkland Islands in the first place. Some scientists believe they may have been brought to the Falkland Island by native people similar to how the dingoes got to Australia. During the spring and summer the wolves would eat seal pups and penguins, but they often struggled to survive the harsh winters. Although their dense fur kept them warm, they struggled to find food in the winter. In 1690 Captain John Strong arrived in the Falkland Islands and was the first to note how tame the wolf was around people. It was so tame that he took one on his ship as a pet. Later on Strong’s journey a cannon was fired and the wolf jumped overboard and died. Its easily tamed and trusting nature is what led to its eventual demise. There are reports that the wolf would wade into the surf to greet people. In 1839 American fur traders came to the islands killing them for their dense brown fur. They would coax a wolf in close with a piece of meat in one hand and a knife in the other. In the 1860's Scottish sheep farmers came to the Falkland Islands and began intentionally poisoning and killing the wolves for fear they would attack their sheep. Charles Darwin visited the Falkland Islands in 1833 and also noted how tame the Falkland Islands wolf was. He predicted that soon the warrah, "would join the dodo among the extinct in a few short years". It was eliminated from the east island first, and a few years later the west island population faded rapidly. The Falkland Islands wolf was the first member of the canine family, (dogs, coyotes, wolves, foxes) to become extinct at the hands of humans. The last recorded Falkland Island Wolf was killed in 1876. Although Jurassic Park is fiction, scientists are working on several de-extinction projects. In fact, in 2003 scientists did bring back the extinct Pyrenean ibex, a type of wild goat, for 7 minutes before it died, showing de-extinction is possible. The Falkland Islands wolf might be a good candidate. Scientists would potentially use DNA from the 12 or so remaining museum specimens to use to try to bring them back to life. The Falkland Islands wolf is one of the national symbols of the island, even being on the islands’ soccer team. People have learned a lot since the Falkland Islands wolf’s extinction in 1876. There are laws there limiting how pets are kept, so they do not get loose and damage wildlife. In the 1920’s & 1930’s, the chilla, South American gray fox was introduced to the Falkland Islands to restore the ecological niche vacated by the extinct warrah. The gray foxes did well and still have thriving populations on Beaver & Weddell Islands. The chilla would potentially compete against the warrah for resources. One additional struggle that might affect the Falkland Islands wolf, is the fight for the islands between England and Argentina. In April 1982, the Falklands war between England and Argentina began. There were 200,000 landmines left on the island causing many civilian casualties. It is believed that as of October 2020, the islands are mine free, but maybe not. If the Falkland Islands wolf was brought to life, could it ever be reintroduced to its native homeland in the Falkland Islands?
COMING SOON
Although Strong the Falkland Islands Wolf did have a return story in my book Deader Than a Dodo, his personal Lazarus Tale is yet to be written. Here is Strong, the Falkland Islands Wolf’s account from my book, Deader Than a Dodo. I turned to the next in line and saw some sort of small wolf. His fur was very shaggy and had a brownish, gray hue. The tip of his long tail was white as snow. The thing that stuck out most to me about this creature was his deep yellow-orange eyes. I had been trying to guess each species before they shared their names and backgrounds, but I could only recall one wolf species that had gone extinct, the English wolf, but that was supposed to be a very large canine. Wolves had been bred to work with the people and now dogs were everywhere. I had always envied dogs because they had such a close relationship with the people and were known as being ‘man’s best friend’. Tortoises had never really had that luxury. Although animals like the red wolf and Ethiopian wolf were endangered, I couldn’t recall any canine species which no longer existed. Maybe this was an English wolf, but I honestly was guessing. While I was pondering this, the wolf began to share, “I am known by many names, the Falkland Island Dog, Wolf or Fox, or as the Antarctic Wolf. Like the dodo, we were also called by a degrading name which I don’t like; the warrah which translates as “foolish dog of the south.” I noticed Astuto listening a little more intently to this portion of the wolf’s sharing, shaking his head. He mumbled, “People can be so unkind with their labels.” The wolf looked at Astuto and nodded his head in agreement. He continued, “My chosen name is Strong. It’s not because I’m proud and have a lot of strength like you might be thinking. It is to honor Captain John Strong, the English explorer who first discovered the Falkland Islands, where my kind once roamed. Captain Strong took one of us on board his ship as a pet. We bonded very quickly, and it is one of my favorite memories with the people. I was known as being kind to people, but I’ve always been a little skittish, especially around loud noises,” Strong admitted looking around at the others. “One day while sailing with Captain Strong, his crew spotted a French ship and fired their cannon. Having never heard a noise louder than a flock of penguins, it terrified me so much that I jumped overboard and drown. Sadly that was one of the last good encounters with the people as they continued to visit and eventually settle on the Falkland Islands. I suppose, like any predator, the people began to see us as a threat, and soon we were hunted for our soft fur. We were also poisoned into extinction by sheep and cattle farmers who settled on my islands. We were not foolish at all, but being a trusting species became our downfall. We went extinct on Christmas Eve, December 24, 1876,” Strong explained.
More to Explore
All answers lead to more questions
A warrah specimen at Otago Museum
Image from Wikipedia
VIDEOS & ADDITIONAL INFO
The Friendly Wolf that Confused Darwin Article
Kid Friendly Warrah Facts - University of Maine
The Messy Beast - Warrah Article
How the Warrah Crossed the Ocean - Video
F is for Falkland Wolf Song Video